The Need of Human Resources Management and Information Communication Technology in Libraries

Abstract: Human Asset Administration plays exceptionally vital part in any organization which offices the foremost effective use of workers to attain the destinations of any organization. Libraries at colleges and colleges give a challenging environment for the honing of human asset (HR) organization. The challenges of human asset administration incorporate destitute working conditions, issues of staffing, subsidizing, ceaseless exchange of educator among others. Good human resource management is essential if organizations want to attract and retain good staff. ICT in libraries has changed the model of data capacity and recovery, securing, cataloging and classification, circulation of material, serials control, administration insights and authoritative exercises such as budgeting. Information and communication technology (ICT) has changed the landscape of libraries and librarianship. Data innovation has changed the complete world into a worldwide know with a global economy, which is expanding subordinate on the inventive administration and dispersion of data. Presently, within the 21st century, the age of knowledge and information is in its libraries. Based on the findings of a literature review of human resource management and information communication technology.-the paper highlights human resource management and also examines the information communication technology in libraries.
 
Key Words: Management, Human Resources Management, Information Communication Technology, Library
                                        
1. Introduction
Education refers to the process of learning and acquiring information. Education can be divided into main types: formal learning through an institution such as a school and self-taught learning or what is often termed life experience. Generally, education is important for learning basic life skills, as well as learning advanced skills that can make a person more attractive in the job market. Education and ‘library’ are two inseparable-individual concepts, both being fundamentally and related to and co-existent with each other. Education cannot exist alone in the absence of library, and library has no meaning if it cannot impart education. Libraries are established for the systematic collection, organization, preservation and dissemination of knowledge and information. Libraries in carrying out this role of education can provide necessary materials such as textbooks, journals, magazines and exercise books related to the curriculum of the existing literacy institutions. Libraries attempt to meet a wide varies of reader’s needs, providing varied information resources such as text books, journals, literary books and other publications.
Human labor is viably utilized within the libraries for ideal utilization of accessible assets and for giving superior library administrations to the organization. There is a modern approach to move forward the execution of human assets such as secure unused and inventive abilities, fulfilling the workers, compensate them based on their execution, persuading the workers towards goals of the organization, career advancement and preparing and advancement. Human assets administration contributes to mission achievements. Integration of human asset administration into the library organizing handle increases HR’s capacity to expect its readers’ needs.

Data innovation (IT) has been differently inquired about by numerous researchers. Hence, Data innovation is considered within the library to be concerned with securing, preparing, capacity and spread of data- library, numerical, pictorial and vocal. Agreeing to Marshall(1984), IT is the coming together of computing and broadcast communications for reason of giving data; the application of innovations to data giving counting era, capacity, handing, recovery and spread. Application of ICT in libraries has helped librarians and information specialists, and researchers to improve their information products and services through enhanced search outcomes in terms of specificities of documents retrieval, provision/ dissemination in use of requisite information retrieved or generated. ICT has become an important field for all information professionals; this is because of perceived relevance, and practical applications to tasks in libraries and information centers (Aina, 2004). Management is the process of deciding how best to use a business’s resources to produce goods or provide services. A business’s resources include its employees, equipment, and money.

Management skills is a third way of looking at the management process is by examining the kinds of skills required to perform a particular job. Three types of skills have been identified.

Conceptual skills: are those that managers understand how different parts of a business relate to one another and to the business as a whole. Decision making, planning, and organizing are managerial activities that require conceptual skills.
Human relations skills: are those that managers need to understand and work well with people. Interviewing job applicants, forming partnerships with other businesses, and resolving conflicts all require good human relations skills.
Technical skills: are the specific abilities that people use to perform their jobs. Operating a word processing program, designing a brochure, and training people to use a new budgeting system are all technical skills.

            HR administration in higher instruction is to “push out” numerous of the day-to-day capacities to the suitable regulatory office (dignitaries, chiefs, and office chairs) rather than giving each issue or errand. With the enhancement in electronic information administration, numerous human assets data frameworks permit people to get to their claim data and make changes and upgrades. Humans Resources Development (HRD) is the need of the hour for the University Libraries as they are considered as the heart of the University education system.

Human resources management (HRM) refers to the management of people in organization. It comprises the activities, policies, and practices involved in obtaining, developing, utilization, evaluating, maintaining, and retaining the appropriate number and skill mix of employees to accomplish the organization’s objectives. Manager has responsibilities related to a wide range of HRM activities. These include analyzing jobs, planning labour needs, selecting employees, orienting and training employees, managing compensation, communication (which includes counselling and disciplining), and maintaining employee commitment. The HR department’s professional employees are required to understand the overall makeup and operation of their institutions. HRM functions as planning, recruitment and selection, appraisal and performance management, reward management, development, employee relations, health and safety, and union-management relation (Bratton & Jeffrey, 2003).

2. Human Resources Management in Academic Libraries           
A library’s HRM officer works with its staff, staff and understudy workers to facilitate all viewpoints of their specific work related issues. Locked in both the scholastic and authoritative sides of the institution, these individuals may moreover be included in budgeting and arranging and work on the administration group that reports to the library executive. The capacities of administration can be assembled into five ranges; arranging; choice; organization and co-ordinating; authority and inspiration and control.
            The library HRM officer is responsible for developing, implementing, coordinating, and monitoring all human resources management programs and processes for the academic librarian, professional, and classified staff, and hourly assistant. In general human resource management aim to increase the contributions of employees in the organization. The HRM office manages human resources, including employment, classification, salary administration, staff training and development. Human resource management in the areas of academic libraries:

1. Recruitment: Coordinate the recruitment, selection of professional staff and academic librarians, plus the recruitment of classified staff, students and administrative staff including- professionals and technical assistants.
2. Employment/Compensation: Monitor library’s budgets, purchasing books and non- book materials, salaries and administrative manager. Apart from that, manage the periodicals/ journals and back volumes of journals, furniture etc.
3. Position Administrative: Responsible for the technical processing like classification, cataloguing, circulation, journals processing and job analysis process and coordinate the performance of the personnel management process which includes evaluation of librarians and staff.
4. Training/ Staff Development: Develop and oversee comprehensive library employee orientation and employee training programs, including needs assessment, curriculum design, and evaluation. Training may involve safety and security instruction as well as overseeing library security operations.
5. ​
   

Figure 1. A vertical organisation chart

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Source: Robert D,Stueart and Barhara B.Moran, Library and Information Center Management (United States: London,2007).

3. Human Resources Information System
​Human Assets Data Framework alludes to the framework of collecting, recording, classifying, showing, handling, putting and away dispersing different data, required for proficient and successful administration of human assets in an organization. In arrange to oversee differing, costly, and human asset data in a complex environment, human asset offices of different organizations have progressively utilized computers - based human asset data framework. The Administration Data Framework alludes to the association of overseen working framework by the trade of data. It is the operative system required to perform a variety of functions to produce useful outputs for the efficient management of an organization. It is very significant to find that more and more organizations emphasize the application of management information systems for an increase in the efficiency of management. The Management Information System utilizes computer hardware and software, manual procedures, management decision models and a database to provide information in support of management operations, and decision-making functions in an organization. MIS is an organized method of providing past, present and projected information relating to internal operations of an organization and external intelligence by good environmental scanning technique. Information Technology enhances easy information retrieval of documents. Retrieval of information from electronic resources and the Internet is simpler, easier and faster in comparison to manual systems. The impact of Information technology is collection development is very prominent in the library. With the help of the web, acquisition work has become very much simplified. Order placing, duplication - checking, price checking. etc are done very effectively using IT technique. Online bookshops and publisher’s websites save the time of the librarians. IT also helps in the process of serial control in the library.  The technical section provides new additions alert service to the users including the staff. Circulation, Reference, Electronic Information Service, Online Search / Literature Search, CD ROM Search, Developing Local Databases, Document Delivery Service.

4. The Information Management Concept
Information management has been defined as the organization wide capability of creating, maintaining, retrieving and making immediately available the right information, in the right place, at the time, in hands of the right people, at the lowest cost, in the best media, for use in decision making (Langemo, 1980). Information system for accepting data/ information as a raw material and through on or more transmutation processes, generating information as a product. The functional elements are:

1. Perception- initial entry of data whether captured or generated, into the organization;
2. Recording – Physical capture of data
3. Processing- transformation according to the specific needs of the organization
4. Transmission- the flows which occur in an information system
5. Storage- Presupposes some expected future use;
6. Retrieval- search for recorded data;
7. Presentation- reporting, communication

Scholarly libraries moreover took advantage of the rise of moderately solid and reasonable computer innovation to create mechanized frameworks for library operations. Understudies and staff from a collaborating scholarly institution may utilize the database utilize catalog to borrow materials through “direct borrowing” (i.e in individual) or by asking that an interlibrary credit be conveyed to their domestic campus library.
Libraries promoted inter-campus networking with link-ups for teleconferencing and two-way audio and video telecourses via satellite or TV and, more recently, online on the World Wide Web. Academic libraries also took the lead in developing resources- sharing networks with other libraries. These libraries recognized many years ago that they must share their resources, both bibliographically and physically. The sharing originally began on an informal basis, with academic libraries in the same geographic area sharing material or allowing reciprocal borrowing publication explosion.

5. ICT and academic libraries
“ICTs are a generic term referring to technologies that are used for collecting, storing, editing and passing on (communication) information in various forms.” The American Library Association (1983) defines IT as the application of computer and other technologies to the acquisition, organization, storage, retrieval and dissemination of information. The computer used to process and store data, while telecommunication technology provides information communication tools. Which make it possible for users to access database and link them other computer networks at different locations. “IT and ICT (Information Communication Technologies) are used somewhat interchangeably.
Generally, Information and Communication Technology (ICT) refers to a combination of computer and telecommunication techniques which makes possible new systems and products to help people at work, in education and at home. In the library domain, Information and Communication Technology refers to the use or application of various technologies such as computer, reprographies, video recording and other electronic devices for the storage, retrieval, reproduction and dissemination of information in a library environment. ICT stresses the role of unified communications and the integration of telecommunication intelligent building management systems and audio-visual systems in modern information technology.

Academic libraries in India make use of ICT as tools to meet the information need of users who in this context are students and faculty staff. Academic libraries are established to support the objectives of their parent institutions which are to promote teaching, learning and research. Therefore, academic libraries are expected to serve the students, lecturers and other members of the academic community. To meet the information need of users, academic libraries provide various services such as user education (orientation/ institution services, referral services and circulation services. Other services provided include library book loan, reference services, photocopying, online services, a compilation of reading list and bibliographies, e-mail, internet connectivity, CD-Researching publishing (lfidon,2006).

ICT has affected each circle of scholastic library movement particularly within the shape of the library collection advancement procedures, library building and consortia. ICT presents an opportunity to supply value-added data administrations and get to a wide assortment of advanced based data assets to their clients. Moreover, scholarly libraries are utilizing cutting edge ICTs to computerise their center capacities, actualize effective and successful library participation and asset sharing systems, execute administration data frameworks, create organisation sores of advanced neighbourhood substance, and computerized libraries: and start ICT based capacity building programs for library clients.

             Information storage and retrieval system will have a complex series of operations before documentary information can be used:

1.  The information must be recorded in documents.
2. Each document must be stored with others in some accessible place and its location must be known.
3. Characteristic aspects of each document profile must be recorded with others in some file.
4. These potential users must formulate some queries or express some interest in terms of characteristics recorded about documents.
5. The documents must be located and presented to the user.

The most important organs of e-library are computers and networking. Today’s library would not be possible without the personal computer as a staff workstation and as a method for the public to access library resources. The networking of libraries or information centres using computers and communication facilities became the characteristics of the e-library. Networks of all types, i.e., local, national, regional, and global are operating in the world today. Telecommunication is so advanced and popular that practically and person con search for information in the office or at home from thousands of databases around the world. The term ‘Network’ is used in the present times in place of ‘Resource Sharing’ or ‘Cooperative Systems’.

            A number of different formats for storing information, such as electronic reference sources, video- cassettes, CD-ROMs and other electronic resources are included in digital library. Books, journal, paper-based archives, video, film and sound recording are visible materials in the digital library and online catalogs, finding aids, abstracting and indexing services, e-journal and e-bring services, digitized collections, geographic information systems, Internet resources and other electronic holdings are new resources in the digital library environment.
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            Digital library or electronic library would largely contain digitized information along with print-based publications, but the virtual library is a library without walls, spread across the globe, from where one is able to retrieve the whole world of information through a properly networked workstation. The users gets the impression as if he is moving through a large library. However, digital library, electronic library, and virtual library should only be taken as the means for obtaining the mission of libraries, as well as, their changing complexion in the course of history.

Conclusion  
            Human resources organization office incorporates especially basic part for supply of the human being to essential resources to companies. Libraries are vital institutions, which cannot be separated from education. Libraries potential to play an active and central role in promoting reading and combating illiteracy among the local communities. ICT has affected each circle of scholastic library movement particularly within the shape of the library collection advancement procedures, library building and consortia. Communication has a great important in providing better services to users. Human Resource Development policies and proper manpower planning in the Library and Information Centres.
 
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